Underground space utilisation and new town development: Experiences, lessons and implications

In the urbanisation process of past few decades, use urban underground space (UUS) has contributed to new town developments in many cities world. This offers an opportunity map out and systematically describe potential contributions UUS for transport, land use, economic, environmental social development towns planners, designers policy-makers consider. review synthesises key papers on utilisation development. It indicates that requirements intensive resources, accessibility reasons, avoidance problems experienced old cities, cultural modernity considerations, goal building smart, low-carbon sustainable drive developments. Underground spaces have been developed various forms, with subway, parking facilities utility infrastructure being more prevalent forms utilisation, varying scale. may confront challenges related issues: relationships between city centres; compact high-density forms; transit accessibility; awareness significance UUS; balance market forces government intervention; coordination development; full resources; decision-making support. Existing practices used provide lessons from which learn.